The spleen is an organ located beneath the rib cage on the left side of the abdomen. It plays an important role in both the immune and circulatory systems by filtering old or damaged red blood cells and helping the body fight infection. The spleen also stores platelets and produces white blood cells that target bacteria and other pathogens.
Although the spleen performs valuable functions, it is not essential for survival. In certain medical situations, removal of the spleen may be necessary to protect a patient’s health and prevent serious complications.
- What Is Spleen Surgery?
- Reasons for Spleen Surgery
- Spleen Surgery Benefits
- Spleen Surgery Candidates
- Spleen Surgery Procedure
- Laparoscopic vs. Robotic vs. Open Splenectomy
- Spleen Surgery Recovery
- Spleen Surgery Risks
- Living Without a Spleen
What Is Spleen Surgery (Splenectomy)?
Spleen surgery, also known as a splenectomy, is a procedure to remove part or all of the spleen. This surgery may be performed on an emergency basis, such as when the spleen ruptures and causes internal bleeding, or as a planned procedure for chronic or progressive conditions affecting spleen function.
At Suburban Surgical Care Specialists / Kane Center, splenectomy is often performed using minimally invasive laparoscopic or robotic techniques when appropriate. This approach allows our board-certified surgeons to treat spleen conditions effectively while minimizing disruption to surrounding tissues.
Why Is Spleen Surgery Performed?
Spleen removal may be recommended when the organ is damaged, diseased, or contributing to serious health concerns. Common reasons for spleen surgery include:
- Traumatic injury to the spleen, often from car accidents or sports
- Splenic rupture resulting in internal bleeding
- Certain cancers that involve or affect the spleen
- Severe or recurring infections
- Pathologic enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly)
- Blood disorders in which the spleen destroys healthy blood cells
When non-surgical treatments are ineffective or not appropriate, splenectomy may be the safest and most effective option.
What Are the Benefits of Spleen Surgery?
The benefits of spleen surgery depend on the underlying condition being treated. For some patients, splenectomy can be life-saving, particularly in cases of rupture or uncontrolled bleeding. For others, removing the spleen may relieve chronic symptoms, improve blood cell counts, or prevent further complications related to spleen dysfunction. By addressing the root cause of the problem, spleen surgery can significantly improve overall health and quality of life for appropriately selected patients.
Who Is a Candidate for Spleen Surgery?
Patients may be considered candidates for spleen surgery if they have:
- A ruptured or severely injured spleen
- Chronic spleen-related conditions that have not responded to medical treatment
- Blood disorders where the spleen is destroying red blood cells or platelets
- Persistent symptoms related to an enlarged or diseased spleen
Before recommending surgery, our surgeons perform a comprehensive evaluation that may include physical examination, imaging studies, and blood testing.
How Is Spleen Surgery Performed?
Most splenectomies are performed using minimally invasive techniques under general anesthesia, either laparoscopically or with robotic assistance. During the procedure, several small incisions are made in the abdomen to allow insertion of a camera and specialized surgical instruments. Carbon dioxide gas is used to gently expand the abdomen, providing improved visibility and access to the spleen.
The spleen is carefully detached from surrounding structures and removed through one of the small incisions. In emergency situations or more complex cases, an open surgical approach may be required to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.
Laparoscopic vs. Robotic vs. Open Splenectomy
There are three primary surgical approaches to spleen removal. The best option depends on the patient’s condition, anatomy, and overall health.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy
This minimally invasive approach uses small incisions and a camera-guided technique to remove the spleen. Laparoscopic surgery typically results in less pain, minimal scarring, and a faster recovery compared to open surgery.
Robotic-Assisted Splenectomy
Robotic splenectomy is an advanced minimally invasive option that allows our surgeons to perform the procedure using enhanced 3D visualization, increased precision, and greater control of surgical instruments. This robotic surgery approach may be especially beneficial in complex cases or when working in tight anatomical spaces.
Open Splenectomy
Open surgery involves a larger abdominal incision and direct access to the spleen. This approach is most often used in emergency situations, such as traumatic rupture or uncontrolled internal bleeding, or when minimally invasive techniques are not appropriate.
Your surgeon will determine the safest and most effective approach based on your individual needs.
What Can I Expect During Spleen Surgery Recovery?
Recovery time varies depending on the surgical approach and the reason for spleen removal. After a minimally invasive splenectomy, most patients remain in the hospital for one to two days. Pain is typically manageable with medication, and patients are encouraged to begin gentle movement soon after surgery.
Full recovery generally takes four to six weeks. Your surgeon will provide detailed instructions regarding activity restrictions, wound care, and when it is safe to return to work or normal daily routines.
Are There Risks or Complications with Spleen Surgery?
As with any surgical procedure, splenectomy carries some risks, which may include bleeding, infection, blood clots, or injury to nearby organs. Our surgical team takes every precaution to reduce these risks and will review potential complications with you prior to surgery.
Living Without a Spleen: What You Should Know
Living without a spleen does slightly weaken the immune system, but the body can function well without it. Many patients experience improved health and symptom relief after spleen removal, particularly when the spleen was contributing to serious medical problems.
Because the spleen helps protect against certain bacterial infections, patients who have had a splenectomy typically require routine vaccinations and may need preventive antibiotics in some cases. With proper medical follow-up and preventive care, most people live full, healthy lives after spleen surgery.
Learn More About Spleen Surgery
For more information about splenectomy procedures, please contact Suburban Surgical Care Specialists / Kane Center.